Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Zahdazahk, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct"> <verb>arise</verb> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> <verb>be</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> <noun>langname</noun> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur"> <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> <noun>language</noun> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="indef" number="sing"> <noun>manner</noun> <adj>different</adj> </np> </pp> </s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module articles:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>module noepistemic:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>module NRel:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" tr="theme"> - <relp> + <np id="parent"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + </np> + <relp comma="after"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but"> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </s>module complementise:
No change.
tva1
tva2module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np id="parent"> + <np id="parent" case="ABS"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>module markowner:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="ABS"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>module addgender:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" case="ABS"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp"> + <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" gender="neut"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut"> + <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="neut"> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut"> + <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> + <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ABS"/> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </vp> <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc"> + <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ABS"/> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </vp> - <np role="obj" gender="neut" number="plur"> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> - </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ABS"/> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </vp> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" gender="neut" number="sing" role="obj"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> - </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" number="sing"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"> <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </s>movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ABS"/> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"> - <word gloss="a" posp="det"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/def/optional
Got def
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/gender/optional
Got neut
About to call getSlotValue for a/det/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/def/optional
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/number/optional
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for inside/noun/def/optional
Got def<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ABS"/> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC"> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np id="parent" case="ABS" gender="neut" number="sing"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" person="1incl"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC"> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut"/> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʂ+q ɨ#ː ˈ ɖ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʂqɨ#ːˈɖ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="c ɑ# t͡sˤ e ̰ˈ ʃ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">cɑ#t͡sˤḛˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʈ ɨ ʐ+q" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">ʈɨʐq</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS" ph="ʒ+dˤ a ̰ˈ ʒ+kʼʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʒdˤa̰ˈʒkʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ" slots="T1 V2 Cfs">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut" ph="t͡ɕ i ̰ˈ zˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">t͡ɕḭˈzˤ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="k u#ː ˈ qʼ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ku#ːˈqʼ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" ph="ʂ ɯ t͡ʃ" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">ʂɯt͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ʒ+dˤ o# l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʒdˤo#l</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɟ ɨː ̰ˈ ʂ+c" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɟɨː̰ˈʂc</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after" ph="s+kʼʷ i ̰ˈ zˤ+qʼ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">skʼʷḭˈzˤqʼ</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ" slots="T1 V2 Cfs">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="ɸ e t͡ʃ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɸet͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="s ɑ# ̰ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">sɑ#̰ˈ</word> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɢʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰ˈɢʷ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="ʁʷ o ˈ d͡ʐ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʁʷoˈd͡ʐ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="ɣʷ ɘː ̰ˈ t" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɣʷɘː̰ˈt</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC" ph="n u# ̰ˈ ʐ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">nu#̰ˈʐ</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ" slots="T1 V2 Cfs">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d͡zˤ e ̰ˈ zˤ+kʼʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">d͡zˤḛˈzˤkʼʷ</word> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
No change.
applysandhi:
/ʒ+kʼʷ/ + /̰ˈ/ > /ʒ+kʼʷ/ + /̰ˈ/
/zˤ+qʼ/ + /̰ˈ/ > /zˤ+qʼ/ + /̰ˈ/
/̰ˈ/ + /̰ˈ/ > // + /̰ˈ/
/ʐ/ + /̰ˈ/ > /ʐ/ + /̰ˈ/<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʂ+q ɨ#ː ˈ ɖ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʂqɨ#ːˈɖ</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʂ+q ɨ#ː ˈ ɖ">ʂqɨ#ːˈɖ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="c ɑ# t͡sˤ e ̰ˈ ʃ" slots="Cir V2 Cmr V1 T1 Cfr">cɑ#t͡sˤḛˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʈ ɨ ʐ+q" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">ʈɨʐq</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="c ɑ# t͡sˤ e ̰ˈ ʃ">cɑ#t͡sˤḛˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʈ ɨ ʐ+q">ʈɨʐq</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS" ph="ʒ+dˤ a ̰ˈ ʒ+kʼʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʒdˤa̰ˈʒkʼʷ</word> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ" slots="T1 V2 Cfs">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut" ph="t͡ɕ i ̰ˈ zˤ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">t͡ɕḭˈzˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS" ph="ʒ+dˤ a ̰ˈ ʒ+kʼʷ">ʒdˤa̰ˈʒkʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut" ph="t͡ɕ i ̰ˈ zˤ">t͡ɕḭˈzˤ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="k u#ː ˈ qʼ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ku#ːˈqʼ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="k u#ː ˈ qʼ">ku#ːˈqʼ</word> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" ph="ʂ ɯ t͡ʃ" slots="Cis V2 Cfs">ʂɯt͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ʒ+dˤ o# l" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ʒdˤo#l</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɟ ɨː ̰ˈ ʂ+c" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɟɨː̰ˈʂc</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" ph="ʂ ɯ t͡ʃ">ʂɯt͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ʒ+dˤ o# l">ʒdˤo#l</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɟ ɨː ̰ˈ ʂ+c">ɟɨː̰ˈʂc</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after" ph="s+kʼʷ i ̰ˈ zˤ+qʼ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">skʼʷḭˈzˤqʼ</word> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ" slots="T1 V2 Cfs">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="ɸ e t͡ʃ" slots="Cip V2 Cfp">ɸet͡ʃ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after" ph="s+kʼʷ i ̰ˈ zˤ+qʼ">skʼʷḭˈzˤqʼ</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="ɸ e t͡ʃ">ɸet͡ʃ</thingy> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="s ɑ# ̰ˈ" slots="Cir V1 T1">sɑ#̰ˈ</word> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɢʷ" slots="T1 Cfs">̰ˈɢʷ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="ʁʷ o ˈ d͡ʐ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ʁʷoˈd͡ʐ</word> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="s ɑ#" underlying="s ɑ# ̰ˈ">sɑ#</word> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɢʷ">̰ˈɢʷ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="ʁʷ o ˈ d͡ʐ">ʁʷoˈd͡ʐ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="ɣʷ ɘː ̰ˈ t" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">ɣʷɘː̰ˈt</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="ɣʷ ɘː ̰ˈ t">ɣʷɘː̰ˈt</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC" ph="n u# ̰ˈ ʐ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">nu#̰ˈʐ</word> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ" slots="T1 V2 Cfs">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d͡zˤ e ̰ˈ zˤ+kʼʷ" slots="Cir V1 T1 Cfr">d͡zˤḛˈzˤkʼʷ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC" ph="n u# ̰ˈ ʐ">nu#̰ˈʐ</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d͡zˤ e ̰ˈ zˤ+kʼʷ">d͡zˤḛˈzˤkʼʷ</word> </flat> </s>removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="ʂ+q ɨ#ː ˈ ɖ">ʂqɨ#ːˈɖ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="c ɑ# t͡sˤ e ̰ˈ ʃ">cɑ#t͡sˤḛˈʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʈ ɨ ʐ+q">ʈɨʐq</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="ABS" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS" ph="ʒ+dˤ a ̰ˈ ʒ+kʼʷ">ʒdˤa̰ˈʒkʼʷ</word> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut" ph="t͡ɕ i ̰ˈ zˤ">t͡ɕḭˈzˤ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cfp"></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut" ph="k u#ː ˈ qʼ">ku#ːˈqʼ</word> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph="" slots="Cis V2 Cfs"></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ" ph="ʂ ɯ t͡ʃ">ʂɯt͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN" ph="ʒ+dˤ o# l">ʒdˤo#l</thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN" ph="ɟ ɨː ̰ˈ ʂ+c">ɟɨː̰ˈʂc</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after" ph="s+kʼʷ i ̰ˈ zˤ+qʼ">skʼʷḭˈzˤqʼ</word> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> - <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC" ph="ɸ e t͡ʃ">ɸet͡ʃ</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="neut" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="s ɑ#" underlying="s ɑ# ̰ˈ">sɑ#</word> - <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɢʷ">̰ˈɢʷ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="ʁʷ o ˈ d͡ʐ">ʁʷoˈd͡ʐ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" ph="ɣʷ ɘː ̰ˈ t">ɣʷɘː̰ˈt</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="prefix" gloss="sing" attach="prefix" ph="" slots="Cip V2 Cir"></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC" ph="n u# ̰ˈ ʐ">nu#̰ˈʐ</word> - <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def" attach="suffix" ph="̰ˈ ɔ ʐ">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="d͡zˤ e ̰ˈ zˤ+kʼʷ">d͡zˤḛˈzˤkʼʷ</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">ʂqɨ#ːˈɖ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">cɑ#t͡sˤḛˈʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">ʈɨʐq</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" id="headnp" gender="neut" case="ABS">ʒdˤa̰ˈʒkʼʷ</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">̰ˈɔʐ,</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="neut">t͡ɕḭˈzˤ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" subj="3.sing.neut" obj="3.plur.neut">ku#ːˈqʼ</word> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.sing.neut.SUBJ">ʂɯt͡ʃ</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="GEN">ʒdˤo#l</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" gender="fem" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" case="GEN">ɟɨː̰ˈʂc</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" gender="neut" comma="after">skʼʷḭˈzˤqʼ</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">̰ˈɔʐ,</thingy> + <thingy type="npcase" function="proclitic" gloss="LOC">ɸet͡ʃ</thingy> + <word gloss="a" posp="det" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC" underlying="s ɑ# ̰ˈ">sɑ#</word> + <thingy type="detnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">̰ˈɢʷ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC">ʁʷoˈd͡ʐ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" gender="neut" case="LOC">ɣʷɘː̰ˈt</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="inside" def="def" number="sing" gender="masc" case="LOC">nu#̰ˈʐ</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="suffix" gloss="def">̰ˈɔʐ</thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">d͡zˤḛˈzˤkʼʷ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʂqɨ̃ːɖ</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">cɑ̃t͡sˤḛˈʃ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈɨʐq</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒdˤa̰ˈʒkʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰ˈɔʐ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ɕḭˈzˤ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkũːqʼ</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂɯt͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.neut.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒdˤõl</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">GEN</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɟɨː̰ˈʂc</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">skʼʷḭˈzˤqʼ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰ˈɔʐ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɸet͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sɑ̰̃ˈ</span><br><span class="gls">a</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰ˈɢʷ</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʁʷod͡ʐ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣʷɘː̰ˈt</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nṵ̃ˈʐ</span><br><span class="gls">inside</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-̰ˈɔʐ</span><br><span class="gls">def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">d͡zˤḛˈzˤkʼʷ</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span></p> + <p>ˈʂqɨ̃ːɖ cɑ̃t͡sˤḛˈʃ ʈɨʐq ʒdˤa̰ˈʒkʼʷ̰ˈɔʐ, t͡ɕḭˈzˤ ˈkũːqʼ ʂɯt͡ʃ ʒdˤõl ɟɨː̰ˈʂc skʼʷḭˈzˤqʼ̰ˈɔʐ, ɸet͡ʃ sɑ̰̃ˈɢʷ ˈʁʷod͡ʐ ɣʷɘː̰ˈt nṵ̃ˈʐ̰ˈɔʐ d͡zˤḛˈzˤkʼʷ</p> + <p>rsqïnïnrd tjaantẓèsh rtïrzq zhḍàzhgqùorz, tyìẓ kunungq rsưch zhḍónl dyïï̀rstj sgquìẓgq̀orz, ɸech saaǹħgw ʁwód͡ʐ ğwëë̀t nuǹrz̀orz dẓèẓgqu</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈʂqɨ̃ːɖ</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>cɑ̃t͡sˤḛˈʃ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈɨʐq</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒdˤa̰ˈʒkʼʷ</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰ˈɔʐ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ɕḭˈzˤ</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkũːqʼ</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂɯt͡ʃ</o> + <g>3.sing.neut.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʒdˤõl</o> + <g>GEN</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɟɨː̰ˈʂc</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>skʼʷḭˈzˤqʼ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰ˈɔʐ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɸet͡ʃ</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sɑ̰̃ˈ</o> + <g>a</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰ˈɢʷ</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʁʷod͡ʐ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣʷɘː̰ˈt</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nṵ̃ˈʐ</o> + <g>inside</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-̰ˈɔʐ</o> + <g>def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>d͡zˤḛˈzˤkʼʷ</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + </il> </s>Rsqïnïnrd tjaantẓèsh rtïrzq zhḍàzhgqùorz, tyìẓ kunungq rsưch zhḍónl dyïï̀rstj sgquìẓgq̀orz, ɸech saaǹħgw ʁwód͡ʐ ğwëë̀t nuǹrz̀orz dẓèẓgqu.
But our language arose in a different way.
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