Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Gir, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> <verb>have</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> <noun>human being</noun> <adj>all</adj> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> <noun>earth</noun> <adj>whole</adj> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>language</noun> <num>one</num> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>dialect</noun> <num>one</num> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module adj2verb:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> + </relp> + </np> </pp> </np> + </relp> + </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module articles:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module NRel:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent"> + <np role="subj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <relp> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent"> + <np role="" number="sing" id="headnp" tr=""> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + </np> + <relp comma="after"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> + <relp comma="after"> + <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + </np> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module complementise:
No change.
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent"> <np role="subj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent"> <np role="" number="sing" id="headnp" tr=""> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent"> - <np role="subj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr=""> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9"> + <np role="subj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent"> - <np role="" number="sing" id="headnp" tr=""> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before"> + <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.1"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module propagatenumber:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9"> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" number="plur"> <np role="subj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7"> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> <np role="" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module simplifynumber:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" number="plur"> - <np role="subj" number="plur" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9"> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9"> + <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" number="sing"> - <np role="" number="sing" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7"> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7"> + <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="sing" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7"> + <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" number="plur" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9"> + <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.1"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9"> - <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9"> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7"> - <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7"> + <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> + <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7"> + <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9"> + <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module conjp:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>flattenconjp:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> - <conjp conj="and"> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> - </conjp> </np> </s>fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> </np> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </np> </s>prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9"> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </relp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </relp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" id="headnp" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" id="headnp" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7"/> </vp> </relp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON"/> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9"/> </vp> </relp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOMaddaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.9
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.7
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" id="headnp" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7"/> <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" id="headnp" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7"/> </vp> </relp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <relp comma="after"> <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9"/> </vp> </relp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s>flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> - <np role="subj" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" id="headnp" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7"/> - <np role="" id="headnp" tr="" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" id="headnp" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7"/> - </vp> - </relp> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7" comma="after"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <relp comma="after"> - <np id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9"> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9"/> - </vp> - </relp> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9" comma="after"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" id="headnp" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" id="headnp" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9" comma="after"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʁˠ i nʲ">ʁˠinʲ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡˠ o ˈ mˠ">ɡˠoˈmˠ</word> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="h e ˈ">heˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="nʲ">nʲ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" id="headnp" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="tʲ i ˈ bʲ">tʲiˈbʲ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="dʲ i ˈ nʲ">dʲiˈnʲ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="h e ˈ">heˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7" attach="suffix" ph="mʲ">mʲ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" id="headnp" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="bʲ o ˈ fˠ">bʲoˈfˠ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɢˠ a ˈ sʲ">ɢˠaˈsʲ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7" comma="after" ph="ðˠ i ˈ ɾʲ">ðˠiˈɾʲ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɢˠ a ˈ sʲ">ɢˠaˈsʲ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9" comma="after" ph="xʲ a ˈ fʲ">xʲaˈfʲ</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɓˠ e ˈ mʲ">ɓˠeˈmʲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="bʲ i ˈ d͡ʒ">bʲiˈd͡ʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ᵑǀʲ a ˈ ŋˠ">ᵑǀʲaˈŋˠ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɓˠ e ˈ mʲ">ɓˠeˈmʲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="j a ɾʲ i ˈ ʋˠ">jaɾʲiˈʋˠ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʁˠ i nʲ">ʁˠinʲ</thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡˠ o ˈ mˠ">ɡˠoˈmˠ</word> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="h e ˈ">heˈ</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="nʲ">nʲ</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" id="headnp" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="tʲ i ˈ bʲ">tʲiˈbʲ</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="dʲ i ˈ nʲ">dʲiˈnʲ</word> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="h e ˈ">heˈ</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7" attach="suffix" ph="mʲ">mʲ</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" id="headnp" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="bʲ o ˈ fˠ">bʲoˈfˠ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u nˠ" underlying="i nˠ">unˠ</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɢˠ a ˈ sʲ">ɢˠaˈsʲ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7" comma="after" ph="ðˠ i ˈ ɾʲ">ðˠiˈɾʲ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɢˠ a ˈ sʲ">ɢˠaˈsʲ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9" comma="after" ph="xʲ a ˈ fʲ">xʲaˈfʲ</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɓˠ e ˈ mʲ">ɓˠeˈmʲ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="bʲ i ˈ d͡ʒ">bʲiˈd͡ʒ</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ᵑǀʲ a ˈ ŋˠ">ᵑǀʲaˈŋˠ</word> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɓˠ e ˈ mʲ">ɓˠeˈmʲ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="j a ɾʲ i ˈ ʋˠ">jaɾʲiˈʋˠ</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="ʁˠ i nʲ">ʁˠinʲ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="proclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɡˠ o ˈ mˠ">ɡˠoˈmˠ</word> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="h e ˈ">heˈ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9" attach="suffix" ph="nʲ">nʲ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" id="headnp" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="tʲ i ˈ bʲ">tʲiˈbʲ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="dʲ i ˈ nʲ">dʲiˈnʲ</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="h e ˈ">heˈ</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7" attach="suffix" ph="mʲ">mʲ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" id="headnp" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="bʲ o ˈ fˠ">bʲoˈfˠ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="u nˠ" underlying="i nˠ">unˠ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɢˠ a ˈ sʲ">ɢˠaˈsʲ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7" comma="after" ph="ðˠ i ˈ ɾʲ">ðˠiˈɾʲ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner" ph="ɢˠ a ˈ sʲ">ɢˠaˈsʲ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9" comma="after" ph="xʲ a ˈ fʲ">xʲaˈfʲ</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɓˠ e ˈ mʲ">ɓˠeˈmʲ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="bʲ i ˈ d͡ʒ">bʲiˈd͡ʒ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="ᵑǀʲ a ˈ ŋˠ">ᵑǀʲaˈŋˠ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɓˠ e ˈ mʲ">ɓˠeˈmʲ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="j a ɾʲ i ˈ ʋˠ">jaɾʲiˈʋˠ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i nˠ">inˠ</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="proclitic" gloss="PAST">ʁˠinʲ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɡˠoˈmˠ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">heˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.9">nʲ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="subj" id="headnp" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">tʲiˈbʲ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">inˠ</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">dʲiˈnʲ</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" id="parent" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">heˈ</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7">mʲ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" id="headnp" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">bʲoˈfˠ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" underlying="i nˠ">unˠ,</thingy> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">ɢˠaˈsʲ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.7" comma="after">ðˠiˈɾʲ,</word> + <word posp="pron" gloss="RELPRON" id="relnp" def="neither" role="subj" comma="before" gender="cl.9" possessor="no.owner">ɢˠaˈsʲ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.9" comma="after">xʲaˈfʲ,</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">ɓˠeˈmʲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">bʲiˈd͡ʒ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">inˠ</thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">ᵑǀʲaˈŋˠ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">ɓˠeˈmʲ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">jaɾʲiˈʋˠ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">inˠ</thingy> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁˠinʲ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɡˠomˠ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhe</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-nʲ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.9</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈtʲibʲ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-inˠ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdʲinʲ</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈhe</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-mʲ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.7</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbʲofˠ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-inˠ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɢˠasʲ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈðˠiɾʲ</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɢˠasʲ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">RELPRON</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈxʲafʲ</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɓˠemʲ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbʲid͡ʒ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-inˠ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈᵑǀʲaŋˠ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈɓˠemʲ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">jaˈɾʲiʋˠ</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-inˠ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span></p> + <p>ʁˠinʲ ˈɡˠomˠ ˈhenʲ ˈtʲibʲinˠ ˈdʲinʲ ˈhemʲ ˈbʲofˠunˠ, ˈɢˠasʲ ˈðˠiɾʲ, ˈɢˠasʲ ˈxʲafʲ, ˈɓˠemʲ ˈbʲid͡ʒinˠ ˈᵑǀʲaŋˠ ˈɓˠemʲ jaˈɾʲiʋˠinˠ</p> + <p>ʁoini goomo heni tiibiino diini hemi biofouno, ħgoasi ðoiri, ħgoasi xxiafi, bboemi biijino nciango bboemi yariiwoino</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʁˠinʲ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɡˠomˠ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhe</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-nʲ</o> + <g>cl.9</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈtʲibʲ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-inˠ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdʲinʲ</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈhe</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-mʲ</o> + <g>cl.7</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbʲofˠ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-inˠ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɢˠasʲ</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈðˠiɾʲ</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɢˠasʲ</o> + <g>RELPRON</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈxʲafʲ</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɓˠemʲ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbʲid͡ʒ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-inˠ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈᵑǀʲaŋˠ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈɓˠemʲ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>jaˈɾʲiʋˠ</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-inˠ</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + </il> </s>ʁoini goomo heni tiibiino diini hemi biofouno, ħgoasi ðoiri, ħgoasi xxiafi, bboemi biijino nciango bboemi yariiwoino.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
Useful pages: