Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Shait, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> <verb>have</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> <noun>human being</noun> <adj>all</adj> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> <noun>earth</noun> <adj>whole</adj> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>language</noun> <num>one</num> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>dialect</noun> <num>one</num> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module adj2verb:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> + </relp> + </np> </pp> </np> + </relp> + </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module articles:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sequential:
-<s> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then"> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module complementise:
No change.
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> <np def="def" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module propagatenumber:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> - <np type="owner_owned"> + <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module simplifynumber:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> + <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> - <np type="owner_owned" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> + <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> + <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> + <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> - <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> - </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>flattenconjp:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> - <conjp conj="and"> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> - </conjp> </np> </s>fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </np> </s>prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </np> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> - </np> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> - <np type="owner_owned"> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> - </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </s>movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> </np> </s>addaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> </np> </s>flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.2"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.2"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="ʒ i z">ʒiz</word> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɽ u ʃ">ɽuʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o n">on</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" ph="t͡ʃ æ ŋ">t͡ʃæŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ j">ɑj</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" ph="ɲ e ʂ">ɲeʂ</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="d i j">dij</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="ᵏǀ o m">ᵏǀom</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" ph="s au n">saun</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ j">ɑj</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" ph="ɖ ai ɡ">ɖaiɡ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="l æ ɽ">læɽ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="ʃ æ ʒ">ʃæʒ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="b u ʈ">buʈ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="l æ ɽ">læɽ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="k ɨ ʃ i ʋ">kɨʃiʋ</word> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="ʒ i z">ʒiz</word> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="proclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ɽ u ʃ">ɽuʃ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="o n">on</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" ph="t͡ʃ æ ŋ">t͡ʃæŋ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ j">ɑj</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2" ph="ɲ e ʂ">ɲeʂ</word> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="d i j">dij</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.2" ph="ᵏǀ o m">ᵏǀom</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" ph="s au n">saun</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="ɑ j">ɑj</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3" ph="ɖ ai ɡ">ɖaiɡ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="l æ ɽ">læɽ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="ʃ æ ʒ">ʃæʒ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="b u ʈ">buʈ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="l æ ɽ">læɽ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="k ɨ ʃ i ʋ">kɨʃiʋ</word> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">ʒiz</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">ɽuʃ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">on</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2">t͡ʃæŋ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">ɑj</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.2">ɲeʂ</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">dij</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.2">ᵏǀom</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3">saun</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">ɑj</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" case="NOM" gender="cl.3">ɖaiɡ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj">læɽ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj">ʃæʒ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">buʈ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj">læɽ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj">kɨʃiʋ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʒiz</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽuʃ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-on</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃæŋ</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑj</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲeʂ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dij</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀom</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">saun</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɑj</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖaiɡ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">læɽ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃæʒ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">buʈ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">læɽ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kɨʃiʋ</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span></p> + <p>ʒiz ɽuʃon t͡ʃæŋɑj ɲeʂ dij ᵏǀom saunɑj ɖaiɡ læɽ ʃæʒ buʈ læɽ kɨʃiʋ</p> + <p>zhiz rrushon chängaj ñers dij com saunaj rdaig lärr shäzh burt lärr kyshiw</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ʒiz</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽuʃ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-on</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃæŋ</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑj</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲeʂ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dij</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀom</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>saun</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɑj</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖaiɡ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>læɽ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃæʒ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>buʈ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>læɽ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>kɨʃiʋ</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + </il> </s>Zhiz rrushon chängaj ñers dij com saunaj rdaig lärr shäzh burt lärr kyshiw.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
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