Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Shaush, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> <verb>have</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> <noun>human being</noun> <adj>all</adj> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> <noun>earth</noun> <adj>whole</adj> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>language</noun> <num>one</num> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>dialect</noun> <num>one</num> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module adj2verb:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> + </relp> + </np> </pp> </np> + </relp> + </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module articles:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sequential:
-<s> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then"> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module subordinate:
No change.
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="inanim"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module propagatenumber:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="inanim"> + <np role="obj" gender="inanim" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module simplifynumber:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" gender="anim"> + <np head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" gender="inanim"> + <np head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="inanim" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" gender="inanim"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="inanim"> + <np locus="number" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="inanim"> + <np locus="number" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="inanim"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="inanim"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="inanim"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="inanim"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="inanim"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="inanim"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>flattenconjp:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="inanim"> - <conjp conj="and"> - <np locus="number" gender="inanim"> + <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="inanim"> + <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> - </conjp> </np> </s>fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="inanim"> <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </np> </s>prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.anim"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.inanim"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="inanim"> <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> </np> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.anim"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.inanim"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="inanim"> <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> </np> - </np> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.anim"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.inanim"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"/> </np> </relp> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> </np> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> </relp> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for negation/
defaultval: verb, negation
returning POS
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMP
calling defaultval for negation/
defaultval: verb, negation
returning POS
calling defaultval for comp/
defaultval: verb, comp
returning not.COMPaddaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/comp/obligatory
Got not.COMP
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/optional
Got anim
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/optional<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim"/> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.anim"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim"> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim"/> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.inanim"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="anim"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> </np> </s>flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim"> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.anim"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" locus="number"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim"> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim"/> <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.inanim"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"/> - </np> - </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> - </np> - </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="anim"/> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.anim"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="anim"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim"/> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.inanim"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="anim"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="h ai tˤ">haitˤ</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ai j ɨ">aijɨ</word> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s ə ɽ">səɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim" ph="ai">ai</word> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.anim.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="anim" ph="m a ɡ">maɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim" ph="ai nˤ ə">ainˤə</word> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.inanim.SUBJ" ph="t a ɾ">taɾ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim" ph="h au d">haud</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="sˤ a n">sˤan</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɲ ɨ n">ɲɨn</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim" ph="sˤ a n">sˤan</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="anim" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ d">ɨd</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj" ph="tˤ a tˤ">tˤatˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj" ph="ʃ ə ɳ">ʃəɳ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="tˤ ə ŋ">tˤəŋ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj" ph="tˤ a tˤ">tˤatˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj" ph="ɽ ɨ k ə s">ɽɨkəs</word> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="h ai tˤ">haitˤ</word> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="ai j ɨ">aijɨ</word> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="s ə ɽ">səɽ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim" ph="ai">ai</word> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.anim.SUBJ" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="anim" ph="m a ɡ">maɡ</word> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS" attach="prefix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim" ph="ai nˤ ə">ainˤə</word> - <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP" attach="suffix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.inanim.SUBJ" ph="t a ɾ">taɾ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim" ph="h au d">haud</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" ph="sˤ a n">sˤan</word> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɲ ɨ n">ɲɨn</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim" ph="sˤ a n">sˤan</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="anim" attach="suffix" ph="ɨ d">ɨd</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj" ph="tˤ a tˤ">tˤatˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj" ph="ʃ ə ɳ">ʃəɳ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="tˤ ə ŋ">tˤəŋ</word> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj" ph="tˤ a tˤ">tˤatˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj" ph="ɽ ɨ k ə s">ɽɨkəs</word> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">haitˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">dˤ</thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">aijɨ</word> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">dˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">səɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">dˤ</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.anim">ai</word> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">dˤ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="anim">maɡ</word> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="prefix" gloss="POS">dˤ</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.inanim">ainˤə</word> + <thingy type="verbcomp" function="suffix" gloss="not.COMP">dˤ</thingy> + <thingy type="vpsubj" function="enclitic" gloss="3.inanim.SUBJ">taɾ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="inanim">haud</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number">sˤan</word> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ɲɨn</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="anim">sˤan</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="anim">ɨd</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj">tˤatˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj">ʃəɳ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">tˤəŋ</word> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj">tˤatˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="inanim" role="obj">ɽɨkəs</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haitˤ</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">aijɨ</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-dˤ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">səɽ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ai</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-dˤ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">maɡ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤ-</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ainˤə</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-dˤ</span><br><span class="gls">not.<span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">taɾ</span><br><span class="gls">3.inanim.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">haud</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤan</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɲɨn</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">sˤan</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɨd</span><br><span class="gls">anim</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤatˤ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʃəɳ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤəŋ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤatˤ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɽɨkəs</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span></p> + <p>haitˤ dˤaijɨdˤ səɽ dˤaidˤ maɡ dˤainˤədˤ taɾ haud sˤan ɲɨn sˤanɨd tˤatˤ ʃəɳ tˤəŋ tˤatˤ ɽɨkəs</p> + <p>гайтъ дъайјыдъ сәр̇ дъайдъ маґ дъайнъәдъ тар гаўд съан њын съаныд тъатъ шән̇ тъәӈ тъатъ р̇ыкәс</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>haitˤ</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>aijɨ</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-dˤ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>səɽ</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ai</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-dˤ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>maɡ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤ-</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ainˤə</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-dˤ</o> + <g>not.COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>taɾ</o> + <g>3.inanim.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>haud</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤan</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɲɨn</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>sˤan</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɨd</o> + <g>anim</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤatˤ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʃəɳ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤəŋ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤatˤ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɽɨkəs</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + </il> </s>Гайтъ дъайјыдъ сәр̇ дъайдъ маґ дъайнъәдъ тар гаўд съан њын съаныд тъатъ шән̇ тъәӈ тъатъ р̇ыкәс.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
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