Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Shiy, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct"> <verb>arise</verb> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> <verb>be</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> <noun>langname</noun> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur"> <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> <noun>language</noun> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np def="indef" number="sing"> <noun>manner</noun> <adj>different</adj> </np> </pp> </s>cleanup:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct"> - <verb>arise</verb> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" evidence="inferred"> - <verb>be</verb> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this"> - <noun>langname</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> - <np def="def" number="plur"> - <pron person="1incl" number="plur"/> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme"> - <noun>language</noun> + <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing"> - <noun>manner</noun> - <adj>different</adj> + <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module articles:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np def="indef" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module noepistemic:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <relp> - <vp evidence="inferred" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </relp> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module RelN:
<s connector="but"> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> - <relp> + <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" head="this" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - </np> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - </relp> + </subs> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="but"> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>module subordinate:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> </pp> </s>tva1
tva2module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <subs> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>module constorder:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme"> <subs> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> - </vp> <np role="obj"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>module casemarking:
No change.
module propagatenumber:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" tr="theme"> + <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing"> <subs> - <np role="obj"> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme"> + <np role="obj" number="plur"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing"> <subs> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
No change.
flattenconjp:
No change.
fixpronouns:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing"> <subs> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>copyuptophrase:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing"> <subs> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner"> + <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing"> <subs> <np role="obj" number="plur"> <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" tr="theme" number="sing"> <subs> - <np role="obj" number="plur"> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <subs> - <np type="owner_owned" tr="rheme" number="sing" role="obj"> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> </pp> </s>movedowntoword:
<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <subs> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur"/> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> </np> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.sing
calling defaultval for subj/
defaultval: verb, subj
returning 3.singaddaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for arise/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for be/verb/subj/obligatory
Got 3.sing
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for langname/noun/case/optional
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for manner/noun/case/optional
Got LOC<s connector="but"> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <subs> <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> </np> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> </vp> </subs> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> </np> <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> </pp> </s>flatten:
<s connector="but"> + <flat> <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>But XXX, which is our language, arose in a different way.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <subs> - <np def="def" number="plur" locus="number" role="owner" person="1incl"> <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - </np> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - </vp> - </subs> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - </np> - <pp p="in" precise="no" location="inside"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"> <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - </np> <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> - </pp> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s connector="but"> +<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing"/> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC"/> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside"/> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="p o ˈ t͡ʃ">poˈt͡ʃ</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ i k i ˈ dˤ">t͡ʃikiˈdˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a n">pan</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k a ˈ n">kaˈn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="n a ˈ ʋ">naˈʋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="f u ˈ nˤ">fuˈnˤ</word> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" ph="dˤ a ˈ dˤ">dˤaˈdˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ᵏǀˤ e ʃ">ᵏǀˤeʃ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʃ i ˈ j">ʃiˈj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="f u ˈ nˤ">fuˈnˤ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="b u ˈ tˤ">buˈtˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="d u ˈ nˤ">duˈnˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="u f">uf</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a ˈ j">faˈj</word> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="but" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="but" posp="conj" ph="p o ˈ t͡ʃ">poˈt͡ʃ</word> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="t͡ʃ i k i ˈ dˤ">t͡ʃikiˈdˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST" ph="p a n">pan</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner" ph="k a ˈ n">kaˈn</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="n a ˈ ʋ">naˈʋ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned" ph="f u ˈ nˤ">fuˈnˤ</word> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="proclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur" ph="dˤ a ˈ dˤ">dˤaˈdˤ</word> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="e">e</thingy> - <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PRES" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP" ph="ᵏǀˤ e ʃ">ᵏǀˤeʃ</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="ʃ i ˈ j">ʃiˈj</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number" ph="f u ˈ nˤ">fuˈnˤ</word> - <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="b u ˈ tˤ">buˈtˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC" ph="d u ˈ nˤ">duˈnˤ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="e n">en</thingy> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC" attach="suffix" ph="u f">uf</thingy> - <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside" ph="f a ˈ j">faˈj</word> + <word gloss="but" posp="conj">poˈt͡ʃ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="arise" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">t͡ʃikiˈdˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="vpta" function="enclitic" gloss="PAST">pan</thingy> + <word person="1incl" number="plur" posp="pron" gloss="1incl.plur" def="def" locus="number" role="owner">kaˈn</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">naˈʋ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">en</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" tr="theme" locus="number" role="owned">fuˈnˤ</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="be" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="present" asp="imperfective" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PRES" comp="COMP" obj="3.plur">dˤaˈdˤ</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.sing.SUBJ">e</thingy> + <thingy type="vpcomp" function="enclitic" gloss="COMP">ᵏǀˤeʃ</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="langname" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">ʃiˈj</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">en</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" role="subj" tr="theme" locus="number">fuˈnˤ</word> + <word posp="adj" gloss="different" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">buˈtˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="manner" number="sing" locus="number" case="LOC">duˈnˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">en</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="LOC">uf</thingy> + <word gloss="in_inside" posp="pp" p="in" precise="no" location="inside">faˈj</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈpot͡ʃ</span><br><span class="gls">but</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃiˈkidˤ</span><br><span class="gls">arise</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">pan</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈkan</span><br><span class="gls">1incl.plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈnaʋ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfunˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdˤadˤ</span><br><span class="gls">be</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-e</span><br><span class="gls">3.sing.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵏǀˤeʃ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">COMP</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈʃij</span><br><span class="gls">langname</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfunˤ</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈbutˤ</span><br><span class="gls">different</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈdunˤ</span><br><span class="gls">manner</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-en</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uf</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">LOC</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ˈfaj</span><br><span class="gls">in_inside</span></span></p> + <p>ˈpot͡ʃ t͡ʃiˈkidˤe pan ˈkan ˈnaʋen ˈfunˤ ˈdˤadˤe ᵏǀˤeʃ ˈʃijen ˈfunˤ ˈbutˤ ˈdunˤenuf ˈfaj</p> + <p>поч чикидъе пан кан навен фунъ дъадъе ҁтъеш шијен фунъ бутъ дунъенуф фај</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>ˈpot͡ʃ</o> + <g>but</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃiˈkidˤ</o> + <g>arise</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>3.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>pan</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈkan</o> + <g>1incl.plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈnaʋ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfunˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdˤadˤ</o> + <g>be</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-e</o> + <g>3.sing.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵏǀˤeʃ</o> + <g>COMP</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈʃij</o> + <g>langname</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfunˤ</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈbutˤ</o> + <g>different</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈdunˤ</o> + <g>manner</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-en</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uf</o> + <g>LOC</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ˈfaj</o> + <g>in_inside</g> + </w> + </il> </s>Поч чикидъе пан кан навен фунъ дъадъе ҁтъеш шијен фунъ бутъ дунъенуф фај.
But our language arose in a different way.
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