Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Izat, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> <verb>have</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> <noun>human being</noun> <adj>all</adj> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> <noun>earth</noun> <adj>whole</adj> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>language</noun> <num>one</num> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>dialect</noun> <num>one</num> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module adj2verb:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> + </relp> + </np> </pp> </np> + </relp> + </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module articles:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sequential:
-<s> +<s connector="then"> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
<s connector="then"> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module complementise:
No change.
tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module propagatenumber:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module simplifynumber:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur" gender="cl.3"> + <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> + <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>createpronouns:
No change.
module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>flattenconjp:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> - <conjp conj="and"> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - </conjp> </np> </s>fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </np> </s>prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </np> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.3"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - </np> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> </np> </s>calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for question/
defaultval: verb, question
returning not.Q
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for def/
defaultval: noun, def
returning not.def
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning NOMaddaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/optional
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/subj/optional
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/subj/optional
Got 3.cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/ta/optional
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/subj/optional
Got 3.cl.2
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/question/obligatory
Got not.Q
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/def/obligatory
Got not.def
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got NOM<s connector="then"> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.3"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> </np> </relp> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> </np> </s>flatten:
<s connector="then"> + <flat> <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.3"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" locus="number"> - <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - </pp> - </np> - </relp> - </np> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"> <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> - </np> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s connector="then"> +<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.3"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.2"/> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj"/> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="k u f">kuf</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="xʷ iː">xʷiː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="dʷ i">dʷi</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="s">s</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" ph="t e">te</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.3.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="t a">ta</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="s">s</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3" ph="e xʷ">exʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i r">ir</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɣ o ʐ">ɣoʐ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" ph="ʁ a">ʁa</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="r e">re</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="s">s</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2" ph="e ɡ">eɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i r">ir</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="e t">et</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i r">ir</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="ʂ a rˤ">ʂarˤ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="x i l">xil</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="i ɡʷ a k e p">iɡʷakep</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i r">ir</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="ʂ a rˤ">ʂarˤ</word> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
No change.
removetags:
<s connector="then" translation=""> <flat> - <word gloss="then" posp="conj" ph="k u f">kuf</word> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="xʷ iː">xʷiː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="dʷ i">dʷi</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="s">s</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3" ph="t e">te</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.3.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="t a">ta</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="s">s</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3" ph="e xʷ">exʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i r">ir</thingy> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɣ o ʐ">ɣoʐ</word> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2" ph="ʁ a">ʁa</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ" attach="suffix" ph="r e">re</thingy> - <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q" attach="suffix" ph="s">s</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2" ph="e ɡ">eɡ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i r">ir</thingy> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="e t">et</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i r">ir</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="ʂ a rˤ">ʂarˤ</word> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="x i l">xil</word> - <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def" attach="prefix" ph="h">h</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="i ɡʷ a k e p">iɡʷakep</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="i r">ir</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj" ph="ʂ a rˤ">ʂarˤ</word> + <word gloss="then" posp="conj">kuf</word> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">xʷiː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">dʷi</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">s</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.3">te</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.3.SUBJ">ta</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">s</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def">h</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.3">exʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ir</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ɣoʐ</word> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" subj="3.cl.2">ʁa</word> + <thingy type="verbsubj" function="suffix" gloss="3.cl.2.SUBJ">re</thingy> + <thingy type="verbquestion" function="suffix" gloss="not.Q">s</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def">h</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" head="this" role="subj" gender="cl.2">eɡ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ir</thingy> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def">h</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj">et</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ir</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj">ʂarˤ</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">xil</word> + <thingy type="noundef" function="prefix" gloss="not.def">h</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj">iɡʷakep</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">ir</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.3" role="obj">ʂarˤ</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">kuf</span><br><span class="gls">then</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xʷiː</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-dʷi</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-s</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">te</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ta</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.3.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-s</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">exʷ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ir</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɣoʐ</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʁa</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-re</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.2.<span class="glssc">SUBJ</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-s</span><br><span class="gls">not.Q</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">eɡ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ir</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">et</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ir</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂarˤ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">xil</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">h-</span><br><span class="gls">not.def</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">iɡʷakep</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ir</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂarˤ</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>kuf xʷiːdʷis tetas hexʷir ɣoʐ ʁares heɡir hetir ʂarˤ xil hiɡʷakepir ʂarˤ</p> + <p>kuf xʷiːdʷis tetas hexʷir ɣoʐ ʁares heɡir hetir ʂarˤ xil hiɡʷakepir ʂarˤ</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>kuf</o> + <g>then</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xʷiː</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-dʷi</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-s</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>te</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ta</o> + <g>3.cl.3.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-s</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>exʷ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ir</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɣoʐ</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʁa</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-re</o> + <g>3.cl.2.SUBJ</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-s</o> + <g>not.Q</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>eɡ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ir</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>et</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ir</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂarˤ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>xil</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>h-</o> + <g>not.def</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>iɡʷakep</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ir</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂarˤ</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>Kuf xʷiːdʷis tetas hexʷir ɣoʐ ʁares heɡir hetir ʂarˤ xil hiɡʷakepir ʂarˤ.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
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