Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Yosh, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> <verb>have</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> <noun>human being</noun> <adj>all</adj> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> <noun>earth</noun> <adj>whole</adj> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>language</noun> <num>one</num> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>dialect</noun> <num>one</num> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module articles:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module embed:
No change.
module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
No change.
module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module markowner:
No change.
module addgender:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.1"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module propagatenumber:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module simplifynumber:
No change.
createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7"> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3"> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module ngen:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module conjp:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>flattenconjp:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> - <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - </conjp> </np> </s>fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.1" number="plur" possessor="no.owner"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
No change.
movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp"/> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s>calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOM
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: adj, case
returning NOMaddaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.7
About to call getSlotValue for all/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/number/obligatory
Got plur
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.3
About to call getSlotValue for whole/adj/case/obligatory
Got NOM
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/number/obligatory
Got sing<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s>flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur"/> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h i">hi</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="t͡ʃ i">t͡ʃi</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7" attach="suffix" ph="nˤ">nˤ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="n ḭ d">nḭd</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a s">as</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʈ au nˤ">ʈaunˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i m">im</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɖ a t">ɖat</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="t͡ʃ i">t͡ʃi</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="t e k">tek</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a s">as</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="tˤ e ʂ">tˤeʂ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ j">ḭj</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="m i sˤ">misˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ j">ḭj</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ʂ au j">ʂauj</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="f a nˤ">fanˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="dˤ i sˤ a b">dˤisˤab</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ j">ḭj</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ʂ au j">ʂauj</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h i">hi</word> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy> <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="t͡ʃ i">t͡ʃi</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7" attach="suffix" ph="nˤ">nˤ</thingy> <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="n ḭ d">nḭd</word> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a s">as</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʈ au nˤ">ʈaunˤ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="i m">im</thingy> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u m" underlying="i m">um</thingy> <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɖ a t">ɖat</word> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="t͡ʃ i">t͡ʃi</word> <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="t e k">tek</word> <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a s">as</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="tˤ e ʂ">tˤeʂ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ j">ḭj</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="m i sˤ">misˤ</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ j">ḭj</thingy> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ʂ au j">ʂauj</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="f a nˤ">fanˤ</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="dˤ i sˤ a b">dˤisˤab</word> <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ j">ḭj</thingy> <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ʂ au j">ʂauj</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="h i">hi</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="n">n</thingy> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="enclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpnegation" function="enclitic" gloss="POS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="t͡ʃ i">t͡ʃi</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7" attach="suffix" ph="nˤ">nˤ</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="n ḭ d">nḭd</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a s">as</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʈ au nˤ">ʈaunˤ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" attach="suffix" ph="u m" underlying="i m">um</thingy> - <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ɖ a t">ɖat</word> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="t͡ʃ i">t͡ʃi</word> - <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3" attach="suffix" ph="m">m</thingy> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="t e k">tek</word> - <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM" attach="suffix" ph="a s">as</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner" ph="tˤ e ʂ">tˤeʂ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ j">ḭj</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="m i sˤ">misˤ</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ j">ḭj</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ʂ au j">ʂauj</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="f a nˤ">fanˤ</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="dˤ i sˤ a b">dˤisˤab</word> - <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing" attach="suffix" ph="ḭ j">ḭj</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ʂ au j">ʂauj</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">hi</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">n</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">t͡ʃi</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.7">nˤ</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">nḭd</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">as</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.7" possessor="no.owner">ʈaunˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="plur" underlying="i m">um</thingy> + <word gloss="in_surface" posp="pp" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ɖat</word> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">t͡ʃi</word> + <thingy type="detgender" function="suffix" gloss="cl.3">m</thingy> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">tek</word> + <thingy type="adjcase" function="suffix" gloss="NOM">as</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.3" possessor="no.owner">tˤeʂ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ḭj</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">misˤ</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ḭj</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">ʂauj</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">fanˤ</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">dˤisˤab</word> + <thingy type="nounnumber" function="suffix" gloss="sing">ḭj</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.1" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">ʂauj</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">hi</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-n</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃi</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-nˤ</span><br><span class="gls">cl.7</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">nḭd</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-as</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈaunˤ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-im</span><br><span class="gls">plur</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖat</span><br><span class="gls">in_surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃi</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-m</span><br><span class="gls">cl.3</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tek</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-as</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">NOM</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">tˤeʂ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭj</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">misˤ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭj</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂauj</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">fanˤ</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤisˤab</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ḭj</span><br><span class="gls">sing</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂauj</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>hin t͡ʃinˤ nḭdas ʈaunˤum ɖat t͡ʃim tekas tˤeʂḭj misˤḭj ʂauj fanˤ dˤisˤabḭj ʂauj</p> + <p>hin chiṇ ni’das rtauṇum rdat chim tekas ṭersi’j miṣi’j rsauj faṇ ḍiṣabi’j rsauj</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>hi</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-n</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃi</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-nˤ</o> + <g>cl.7</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>nḭd</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-as</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈaunˤ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-im</o> + <g>plur</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖat</o> + <g>in_surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃi</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-m</o> + <g>cl.3</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tek</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-as</o> + <g>NOM</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>tˤeʂ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭj</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>misˤ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭj</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂauj</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>fanˤ</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤisˤab</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ḭj</o> + <g>sing</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂauj</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>Hin chiṇ ni’das rtauṇum rdat chim tekas ṭersi’j miṣi’j rsauj faṇ ḍiṣabi’j rsauj.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
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