Create your own language
The Language Creator generates constructed languages from explicit typological choices, aiming to produce languages that resemble natural human ones in structure and behaviour.
The results include phonology, grammar, glossed examples, dictionaries and sample texts.
The questionnaire comes pre-filled with random values. You can therefore create a language immediately by simply clicking on the Create button there, or customise the settings first.
A sample from Qit, the latest language generated by the Language Creator:
initial XML:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> <verb>have</verb> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> <noun>human being</noun> <adj>all</adj> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing"> <noun>earth</noun> <adj>whole</adj> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>language</noun> <num>one</num> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing"> <noun>dialect</noun> <num>one</num> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>cleanup:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp tam="past-punct" evidence="hearsay"> - <verb>have</verb> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj"> - <noun>human being</noun> - <adj>all</adj> + <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" number="sing"> - <noun>earth</noun> - <adj>whole</adj> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> </pp> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>language</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing"> - <noun>dialect</noun> - <num>one</num> + <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module adj2verb:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="all"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <relp> + <vp tam="pres-state"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + </vp> + <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - <word posp="adj" gloss="whole"/> </np> + </relp> + </np> </pp> </np> + </relp> + </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module articles:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np def="neither" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module nonpastonly:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active"> + <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> - <vp tam="pres-state"> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module noepistemic:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp evidence="hearsay" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <relp> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> </relp> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module embed:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> - <relp> + <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="plur"> + <np role="subj" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <relp> + <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np head="this" role="subj" number="sing"> + <np role="subj" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> - </relp> + </subs> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> - </relp> + </subs> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module sentenceconnectors:
No change.
module nominalise:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> - </vp> - <np role="subj" number="plur"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="owned" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> + <np type="owner_owned"> + <np role="owned" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + </np> + <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> - <np role="subj" number="sing"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - </np> </subs> + </np> + </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </pp> </np> + <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <subs> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + </vp> </subs> + </np> + </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>tva1
tva2
tva1
tva2module affixdensity:
No change.
module adpositions:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np role="owned" number="plur"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> <np type="owner_owned"> <np role="owned" number="sing"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> + <np def="def" number="sing"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> + </np> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module constorder:
No change.
module casemarking:
No change.
module addgender:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="plur" role="subj" locus="number"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np role="owned" number="plur"> + <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="owned" number="plur" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number"> - <np type="owner_owned"> - <np role="owned" number="sing"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> + <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="owned" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing"> + <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing"> + <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number"> + <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module propagatenumber:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="plur"> <np role="owned" number="plur" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> <np role="owned" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="plur"> <conjp conj="and"> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module simplifynumber:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" number="sing" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" number="plur"> - <np role="owned" number="plur" gender="cl.1"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="owned" gender="cl.1"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4" number="sing"> - <np def="def" number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2" number="sing"> - <np role="owned" number="sing" gender="cl.2"> + <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="owned" gender="cl.2"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="owner" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> - <np role="owner" number="sing" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="owner" gender="cl.4"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" number="plur"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np number="sing" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>createpronouns:
No change.
module markowned:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> - <np role="owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> - <np role="owned" gender="cl.2"> + <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> - <np role="owner" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> - <np role="owner" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </subs> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4"> + <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.4"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module ngen:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> + <subs> + <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + </vp> + </subs> + </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> + <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> - <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> - </np> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> </np> + <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> - <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> - <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> - </vp> - </subs> </np> - </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module wordorder:
No change.
module conjp:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <conjp conj="and"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> </conjp> </np> </s>flattenconjp:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> - <conjp conj="and"> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> + <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> </np> - </conjp> </np> </s>fixpronouns:
No change.
copyuptophrase:
No change.
prodrop:
No change.
addclitics:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </subs> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </s>propagateArgumentCase:
No change.
unwrapArgumentNPs:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> - <np def="def" role="subj" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1"> + <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> </np> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="obj" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> </s>unwrapOwnerOwned:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.1" def="def" role="subj" locus="number" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> </vp> </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4"> + <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np type="owner_owned" case="LOC" gender="cl.4"> <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> - <np type="owner_owned" gender="cl.2"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> </vp> </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> </np> - </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s>movedowntoword:
<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have"/> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole"/> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> </vp> </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> </np> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s"/> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> </np> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one"/> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s>calling defaultval for negation/
defaultval: verb, negation
returning POS
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning ABS
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning ABS
calling defaultval for negation/
defaultval: verb, negation
returning POS
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning ABS
calling defaultval for gender/
defaultval: det, gender
returning cl.1
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning ABS
calling defaultval for case/
defaultval: noun, case
returning ABSaddaffixes:
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PAST
About to call getSlotValue for have/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for all/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for human being/noun/case/obligatory
Got ABS
About to call getSlotValue for surface/noun/case/obligatory
Got ABS
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/ta/obligatory
Got PRES
About to call getSlotValue for whole/verb/negation/obligatory
Got POS
About to call getSlotValue for earth/noun/case/obligatory
Got ABS
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.4
About to call getSlotValue for the/det/gender/obligatory
Got cl.1
About to call getSlotValue for language/noun/case/obligatory
Got ABS
About to call getSlotValue for dialect/noun/case/obligatory
Got ABS<s> <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> </vp> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <subs> <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> </vp> </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> </np> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> </np> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> </s>flatten:
<s> - <littrans>All humans in the whole earth had one language and one dialect.</littrans> - <vp negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"> + <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - </vp> - <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number"> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> - <pp p="in" location="surface" precise="no"> - <np def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> - <np role="owner" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"> - <subs> - <vp tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - </vp> - </subs> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> - <np role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - </np> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - </pp> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - </np> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <np locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - </np> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + </flat> </s>addvocab:
-<s> +<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative"/> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active"/> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES"/> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4"/> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1"/> - <word gloss="the" posp="det"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and"/> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS"/> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner"/> + <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="w y">wy</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ᵑǀˤ ḭ">ᵑǀˤḭ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="ɽ">ɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" ph="w iː ɳ">wiːɳ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ a q">ʂaq</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɳ yː">ɳyː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="ɽ">ɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4" ph="s yː ɡʷ">syːɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="d a̰">da̰</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="ɳ">ɳ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="u">u</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ʈ aː">ʈaː</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="d a̰">da̰</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" ph="u">u</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɡʷ i ʂ">ɡʷiʂ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ a">t͡ʃa</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="m uː">muː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɖ a dˤ iː ɴʷ">ɖadˤiːɴʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ a">t͡ʃa</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>vowelharmony:
<s translation=""> <flat> <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="w y">wy</word> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ᵑǀˤ ḭ">ᵑǀˤḭ</word> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="ɽ">ɽ</thingy> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" ph="w iː ɳ">wiːɳ</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ a q">ʂaq</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɳ yː">ɳyː</word> <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="ɽ">ɽ</thingy> <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4" ph="s yː ɡʷ">syːɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="y ʈ y" underlying="u ʈ u">yʈy</thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="d a̰">da̰</thingy> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="ɳ">ɳ</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="u">u</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ʈ aː">ʈaː</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="d a̰">da̰</thingy> <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> <word gloss="the" posp="det" ph="u">u</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɡʷ i ʂ">ɡʷiʂ</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ a">t͡ʃa</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="m uː">muː</word> <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɖ a dˤ iː ɴʷ">ɖadˤiːɴʷ</word> <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ a">t͡ʃa</word> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> </flat> </s>removetags:
<s translation=""> <flat> - <thingy type="vpmode" function="proclitic" gloss="indicative" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST" ph="w y">wy</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST" attach="suffix" ph="d">d</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="vpvoice" function="enclitic" gloss="active" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="vpquestion" function="enclitic" gloss="not.Q" ph=""></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ᵑǀˤ ḭ">ᵑǀˤḭ</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="ɽ">ɽ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number" ph="w iː ɳ">wiːɳ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="ʂ a q">ʂaq</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES" ph="ɳ yː">ɳyː</word> - <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES" attach="suffix" ph="ɽ">ɽ</thingy> - <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS" attach="suffix" ph="a">a</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4" ph="s yː ɡʷ">syːɡʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="y ʈ y" underlying="u ʈ u">yʈy</thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="d a̰">da̰</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4" attach="prefix" ph="ɳ">ɳ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" ph="u">u</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no" ph="ʈ aː">ʈaː</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS" ph="d a̰">da̰</thingy> - <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1" attach="prefix" ph="dˤ">dˤ</thingy> - <word gloss="the" posp="det" ph="u">u</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɡʷ i ʂ">ɡʷiʂ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ a">t͡ʃa</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <word posp="conj" gloss="and" ph="m uː">muː</word> - <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="ɖ a dˤ iː ɴʷ">ɖadˤiːɴʷ</word> - <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" attach="suffix" ph="u ʈ u">uʈu</thingy> - <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj" ph="t͡ʃ a">t͡ʃa</word> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> - <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="no.owner.POSS" ph=""></thingy> + <word posp="verb" gloss="have" negation="POS" question="not.Q" tense="past" asp="action" mode="indicative" voice="active" ta="PAST">wy</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PAST">d</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">a</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="all" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">ᵑǀˤḭ</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">ɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">a</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="human being" role="owned" gender="cl.1" possessor="3.cl.4" def="def" locus="number">wiːɳ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS">uʈu</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="surface" def="def" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">ʂaq</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS">uʈu</thingy> + <word lexposp="adj" posp="verb" gloss="whole" tam="pres-state" ta="PRES">ɳyː</word> + <thingy type="verbta" function="suffix" gloss="PRES">ɽ</thingy> + <thingy type="verbnegation" function="suffix" gloss="POS">a</thingy> + <word posp="noun" gloss="earth" role="owned" gender="cl.2" possessor="3.cl.4">syːɡʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS" underlying="u ʈ u">yʈy</thingy> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS">da̰</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.4">ɳ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det" def="def" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner">u</word> + <word gloss="in" posp="pp" owner="3s" p="in" location="surface" precise="no">ʈaː</word> + <thingy type="nppossessor" function="enclitic" gloss="3.cl.4.POSS">da̰</thingy> + <thingy type="detgender" function="prefix" gloss="cl.1">dˤ</thingy> + <word gloss="the" posp="det">u</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="language" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">ɡʷiʂ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS">uʈu</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">t͡ʃa</word> + <word posp="conj" gloss="and">muː</word> + <word posp="noun" gloss="dialect" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">ɖadˤiːɴʷ</word> + <thingy type="nouncase" function="suffix" gloss="ABS">uʈu</thingy> + <word posp="num" gloss="one" locus="number" gender="cl.4" possessor="no.owner" role="obj">t͡ʃa</word> </flat> + <p><span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wy</span><br><span class="gls">have</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-d</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PAST</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-a</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ᵑǀˤḭ</span><br><span class="gls">all</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɽ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-a</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">wiːɳ</span><br><span class="gls">human being</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uʈu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ABS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʂaq</span><br><span class="gls">surface</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uʈu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ABS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɳyː</span><br><span class="gls">whole</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-ɽ</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">PRES</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-a</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">POS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">syːɡʷ</span><br><span class="gls">earth</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uʈu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ABS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">da̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.4.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɳ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.4</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ʈaː</span><br><span class="gls">in</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">da̰</span><br><span class="gls">3.cl.4.<span class="glssc">POSS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">dˤ-</span><br><span class="gls">cl.1</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">u</span><br><span class="gls">the</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɡʷiʂ</span><br><span class="gls">language</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uʈu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ABS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃa</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">muː</span><br><span class="gls">and</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">ɖadˤiːɴʷ</span><br><span class="gls">dialect</span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">-uʈu</span><br><span class="gls"><span class="glssc">ABS</span></span></span> <span class="ilpair"><span class="mor">t͡ʃa</span><br><span class="gls">one</span></span></p> + <p>wyda ᵑǀˤḭɽa wiːɳuʈu ʂaquʈu ɳyːɽa syːɡʷyʈy da̰ ɳu ʈaː da̰ dˤu ɡʷiʂuʈu t͡ʃa muː ɖadˤiːɴʷuʈu t͡ʃa</p> + <p>व्युद ङ्त़िःऱ वीणुटु षक़ुटु ण्यूऱ स्यूग्व्युट्यु दः णु टा दः द़ु ग्विषुटु च मू डद़ीङ्वुटु च</p> + <il> + <w> + <o>wy</o> + <g>have</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-d</o> + <g>PAST</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-a</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ᵑǀˤḭ</o> + <g>all</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɽ</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-a</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>wiːɳ</o> + <g>human being</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uʈu</o> + <g>ABS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʂaq</o> + <g>surface</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uʈu</o> + <g>ABS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɳyː</o> + <g>whole</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-ɽ</o> + <g>PRES</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-a</o> + <g>POS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>syːɡʷ</o> + <g>earth</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uʈu</o> + <g>ABS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>da̰</o> + <g>3.cl.4.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɳ-</o> + <g>cl.4</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ʈaː</o> + <g>in</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>da̰</o> + <g>3.cl.4.POSS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>dˤ-</o> + <g>cl.1</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>u</o> + <g>the</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɡʷiʂ</o> + <g>language</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uʈu</o> + <g>ABS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃa</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>muː</o> + <g>and</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>ɖadˤiːɴʷ</o> + <g>dialect</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>-uʈu</o> + <g>ABS</g> + </w> + <w> + <o>t͡ʃa</o> + <g>one</g> + </w> + </il> </s>व्युद ङ्त़िःऱ वीणुटु षक़ुटु ण्यूऱ स्यूग्व्युट्यु दः णु टा दः द़ु ग्विषुटु च मू डद़ीङ्वुटु च ॥
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
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